CATDOLL: "Pure Maria" takes you to experience the seventh volume of medieval Europe

I regret to tell you that this issue of the European Medieval Science Popularization Series may be the last one. Because I am about to leave Anime Star. I say "maybe" because I hope that other people can translate the historical knowledge in the future, but I don't think it's very likely. Although it's not good to use up the precious introduction of the article to talk about personal things, I really don't want to leave you. Well, there will be encounters in the mountains and rivers, and maybe I will meet you in other places in the future. OK, let's get back to the topic. There are only two pieces of European Medieval knowledge in the last issue. I hope that everyone can gain more knowledge after reading these little knowledge.

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1. Medieval Cannon

The cannon used by the artillery hired by Count Lume in Episode 7 is an early muzzle-loading cannon called "Bombarde". Although the origin of gunpowder and cannons is China, their technology was introduced to Europe by Islamic countries in the 11th century and was widely used on the battlefield. In the 12th century, primitive metal cannons called "Pot-de-fer" appeared, and appeared in the camps of England and France during the Hundred Years' War. However, the shells at that time were basically spheres made of stone or iron. Unless they were specially made, there was no gunpowder inside the shells, so the damage of the shells was more through kinetic energy rather than explosion (special shells can also reach amazing flight speeds). Therefore, cannons were more used to attack city walls. Due to the limitations of range and power, it was very difficult to achieve results when used in the field. But at the end of the Hundred Years' War, in the Battle of Formini in 1450, cannons made the first field exploits in history during field battles.

2. Surgeon who is also a barber

The doctor who treated Galfa in the seventh episode was a barber from the "God's Lodge". At that time, they were called "barber surgeons". Why can two seemingly unrelated professions be combined into one? In the Kingdom of France in the Middle Ages, surgical operations also required the use of sharp tools such as razors, and barbers who were proficient in using these tools turned surgeons into their "part-time jobs". In addition, most of the full-time doctors at that time also tended to treat internal medicine. At that time, there was no anesthesia. Surgery required the patient to be forcibly fixed on the table. Although there were rumors that some people knocked the patient unconscious before surgery in order to relieve pain, such "cruel" behavior was not acceptable to everyone anyway. These barbers not only shaved people's heads and beards, but also needed to master techniques such as local excision and hemostasis. They were also very active on the battlefield. Some nobles even hired them to be their assistants, and their status was considered very high.

By the way, the "God's Inn" performed surgery for patients for free, so their funding needed to be provided by the monastery, which was the monastery that supported such a place. Therefore, although the influence of the church was very large at that time, it also did not forget to do some charity for the common people.